MACAM-MACAM TENSES DAN CONTOH KALIMATNYA

MACAM-MACAM TENSES BERIKUT KEGUNAAN DAN CONTOHNYA

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi


1. Pola Kalimat

Kalimat Berkata Kerja

(+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object

(-) Subject+do/does not+V1

(?) Do/does+Subject+V1

Kalimat Tidak Berkata Kerja

(+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb


Contoh Kalimat

I work in the office

He catches a bird

We are happy everytime


Kegunaan

Simple present tense melukiskan:

Kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang berulang atau kebiasaan yang dilakukan seseorang atau sekelompok orang. Penggunaan tenses ini biasanya dilengkapi dengan adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, never, seldom, sometime, generally, normally, occasionally, hardly, rarely. Tense ini biasa dilengkapi dengan adverb of time: every day, every week, every morning, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, weekly, monthly.

Menyatakan kebenaran umum.

Menyatakan agenda harian, mingguan, tahunan.

Kenyataan sekarang.

Perintah atau suruhan.


2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

Contoh Kalimat

a, She is singing at the zoo

b. I am studying English

Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung ketika si penutur sedang berbicara. Tense ini biasanya diiringi adverb of time: now, at present, at this moment, right now.

b. Pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama.

c. Tindakan yang akan segera dilakukan terutama menyangkut kata kerja gerak: go, come, do, walk, swim, run

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang belum lama terjadi


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb


2. Contoh Kalimat

a. I have painted this house

b. She has eaten some food in dining room


Kegunaan

a. Sesuatu yang telah sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi dan akibatnya masih dapat dirasakan sampai sekarang. Kata keterangan yang sering disisipkan di antaranya: just, already, once, yet, not yet, since

b. Menyatakan sesuatu pengalaman

c. Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah dimulai dari titik waktu atau selama waktu tertentu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. Biasanya ada keterangan since dan for

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Sesuatu kejadian yang telah terjadi dan mulai dari masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Contoh Kalimat

a. They have been sleeping since ten until now.

b. She has been working in the workshop

Kegunaan

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini (berawal dari satu titik waktu di masa lampau dan berlanjut terus hingga sekarang). Biasanya disisipi keterangan since, for, since…until.

b. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi


5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Situasi atau satu kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu di masa lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb


2. Contoh Kalimat

1. We stopped the bus at the bus stop yesterday

2. She wrote letter all day yesterday

Kegunaan

Menunjukan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu tertetu di masa lampau. Tense ini biasanya diiringi kata keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago.

Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang hanya terjadi satu kali di masa lampau

Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dilakukan berulang-ulang di masa lampau


6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Situasi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb


Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan kegiatan, kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi

b. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau


7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi pada waktu lampau

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb


Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dituntaskan di masa lampau sebelum suatu kegiatan lain terjadi

b. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dalam waktu tertentu di masa yang telah lalu


8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan saat tertentu pada waktu lampau


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang masih berlangsung atau terjadi dalam satu jangka waktu tertentu di masa lampau

b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang kejadiannya berlangsung sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan satu tertentu di masa lampau

c. Membicarakan lama berlangsungnya dari suatu kejadian sebelum suatu kejadian yang lain terjadi di masa lampau


9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb


2. Kegunaan

a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi atau mungkin akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang

b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada saat berbicara

c. Menawarkan sesuatu

d. Menjanjikan sesuatu

e. Menyetujui atau menolak sesuatu

f. Meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsug atau terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

This time next week I will be shopping in Malaysia

By two o’clock next Sunday I will be playing golf


11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan tuntas di masa yang akan dating


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

2. Kegunaan

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang direncanakan telah tuntas atau dituntaskan di masa yang akan datang. Kata keterangan yang digunakan misalnya: by then, by that time, in five hours, in six years

The Congress will have been over by two o’clock tomorrow

By the end of this month we shall have arrived I London


12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan datang


1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb


2. Kegunaan

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kajadian atau peristiwa yang masih berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang


13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1


2. Contoh Kalimat

I would buy a new house

You would get wet

If I were you, I wouldn’t do that

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1


2. Contoh Kalimat

I would be playing football

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

2. Contoh Kalimat

If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam

If I hadn’t helped you, you would have failed


16. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1


2. Contoh Kalimat

I would have been learning English

Telling Story - Little Red Riding Hood

Little Red Riding Hood

There once was a young person named Red Riding Hood who lived with her mother on the edge of a large wood. One day her mother asked her to take a basket of fresh fruit and mineral water to her grandmother's house--not because this was womyn's work, mind you, but because the deed was generous and helped engender a feeling of community. Furthermore, her grandmother was not sick, but rather was in full physical and mental health and was fully capable of taking care of herself as a mature adult.

So Red Riding Hood set off with her basket through the woods. Many people believed that the forest was a foreboding and dangerous place and never set foot in it. Red Riding Hood, however, was confident enough in her own budding sexuality that such obvious Freudian imagery did not intimidate her.

On the way to Grandma's house, Red Riding Hood was accosted by a wolf. who asked her what was in her basket. She replied, "Some healthful snacks for my grandmother, who is certainly capable of taking care of herself as a mature adult."

The wolf said, "You know, my dear, it isn't safe for a little girl to walk through these woods alone."

Red Riding Hood said, "I find your sexist remark offensive in the extreme, but I will ignore it because of your traditional status as an outcast from society, the stress of which has caused you to develop your own, entirely valid, worldview. Now, if you'll excuse me, I must be on my way."

Red Riding Hood walked on along the main path. But, because his status outside society had freed him from slavish adherence to linear, Western-style thought, the wolf knew a quicker route to Grandma's house. He burst into the house and ate Grandma, an entirely valid course of action for a carnivore such as himself. Then, unhampered by rigid, traditionalist notions of what was masculine or feminine, he put on Grandma's nightclothes and crawled into bed.

Red Riding Hood entered the cottage and said, "Grandma, I have brought you some fatfree, sodium-free snacks to salute you in your role of a wise and nurturing matriarch."

From the bed, the wolf said softly, "Come closer, child, so that I might see you."

Red Riding Hood said, "Oh, I forgot you are as optically challenged as a bat. Grandma, what big eyes you have!"

"They have seen much, and forgiven much, my dear."

"Grandma, what a big nose you have, only relatively, of course, and certainly attractive in its own way."

"It has smelled much, and forgiven much, my dear."

"Grandma, what big teeth you have!"

The wolf said, "I am happy with who I am and what I am," and leaped out of bed. He grabbed Red Riding Hood in his claws, intent on devouring her. Red Riding Hood screamed, not out of alarm at the wolf's apparent tendency toward crossdressing, but because of his willful invasion of her personal space.

Her screams were heard by a passing woodchopperperson (or log-fuel technician, as he preferred to be called). When he burst into the cottage, he saw the melee and tried to intervene. But as he raised his ax, Red Riding Hood and the wolf both stopped.

"And just what do you think you're doing?" asked Red Riding Hood.

The woodchopper-person blinked and tried to answer, but no words came to him.

"Bursting in here like a Neanderthal, trusting your weapon to do your thinking for you!" she exclaimed. "Sexist! Speciesist! How dare you assume that womyn and wolves can't solve their own problems without a man's help!"

When she heard Red Riding Hood's impassioned speech, Grandma jumped out of the wolf's mouth, seized the woodchopperperson's ax, and cut his head off. After this ordeal, Red Riding Hood, Grandma, and the wolf felt a certain commonality of purpose. They decided to set up an alternative household based on mutual respect and cooperation, and they lived together in the woods happily ever after.

Quotes Terkeren

nih ada beberapa gambar quotes yang menurutku keren dan nggak alay  ;)

kalo pengen lebih banyak lagi, cari aja di google wks

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